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Auxins (a class of phytohormones) are synthesized from tryptophan.

Niacin, also known as vitamin B 3, is synthesized from tryptophan via kynurenine and quinolinic acids.

The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism is altered in several diseases, including psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder. Two enzymes, namely indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the immune system and the brain, and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) in the liver, are responsible for the synthesis of kynurenine from tryptophan.

Kynurenine, to which tryptophan is mainly (more than 95%) metabolized.Melatonin (a neurohormone) is in turn synthesized from serotonin, via N-acetyltransferase and 5-hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase enzymes.Serotonin (a neurotransmitter), synthesized by tryptophan hydroxylase.In addition, tryptophan functions as a biochemical precursor for the following compounds: Tryptophan, along with other aromatic amino acids, is also important in glycan-protein interactions.

For instance, tryptophan and tyrosine residues play special roles in "anchoring" membrane proteins within the cell membrane. Tryptophan is among the less common amino acids found in proteins, but it plays important structural or functional roles whenever it occurs. Transformed functional groups after each chemical reaction are highlighted in red.Īmino acids, including tryptophan, are used as building blocks in protein biosynthesis, and proteins are required to sustain life.

Metabolism of l-tryptophan into serotonin and melatonin (left) and niacin (right).